The Role of VDR Gene Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Supplementation

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The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear transcriptional regulator that activates by binding to 1a,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1a,25(OH)2D), known as calcitriol, which forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Calcitriol signalling regulates various biological processes, including calcium and metabolism of phosphorous as well as parathormones cell proliferation, as well as the control of innate and adaptive immunity.

A T >C change in the promoter region of the VDR variant (rs11568820) removes the binding site for transcription factor Cdx2 just upstream of exon 1. This leads to a smaller protein with reduced transcriptional activity. The F allele is found in high frequency among Asians and Europeans, and in lower frequency among Africans living in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The findings of this study improve our understanding of the role VDR gene polymorphisms might play in influencing the response to diet supplementation with calcium calcitriol. Carriers of the TaqI and FF genotypes of the FokI polymorphisms show higher transcriptional activation and are associated with higher calcium absorption, a higher bone mineral density, and a decreased risk of breaking. To gain a better understanding of the role that these genetic variants have in vitamin D supplementation We must conduct more research with an homogeneous design.

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